Biochemical and Metabolic Changes Associated with Depression: A Systematic Review

Cambios bioquímicos y metabólicos asociados a la depresión: Una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: A close connection has been observed between metabolic syndrome (MS) and depression, affecting both physical and mental health. MS, which is common in Colombia and globally, increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Depression, which is common in people with MS, can negatively impact quality of life. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology, focused on adults diagnosed with depression and metabolic disorders. Relevant information was collected on MS and depression, highlighting aspects such as lifestyle, childhood experiences and unhealthy eating patterns. Results: Significant changes in body lipid levels were evidenced, which can trigger diseases such as obesity and diabetes. These conditions can increase the risk of comorbidities, leading to cognitive, physical, and emotional impairments. The relationship between poor eating habits, lack of physical activity and depressive symptoms is clear. Conclusions: In adults with depression, the most frequent metabolic alterations are obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. A significant bidirectional relationship was observed between metabolic disorders and depression, which affects overall body function.