Pharyngeal neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with surface electromyography biofeedback for dysphagia rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease: a case report

Estimulación eléctrica neuromuscular faríngea combinada con biorretroalimentación mediante electromiografía de superficie para la rehabilitación de la disfagia en la enfermedad de Parkinson: reporte de un caso clínico

Abstract

Introduction: Dysphagia is a common and clinically significant complication of Parkinson’s disease, contributing to aspiration risk, malnutrition, dehydration, and reduced quality of life. Pharyngeal Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback are emerging rehabilitation approaches that target neuromuscular facilitation and motor relearning; however, evidence regarding their combined use in Parkinson’s disease-associated dysphagia remains limited. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of combined pharyngeal NMES and sEMG biofeedback on swallowing function, dysphagia severity, and swallowing-related quality of life in a patient with Parkinson’s disease. Design, setting, and patient: Single-patient case report. A 62-year-old male with an eight-year history of Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn and Yahr Stage III) presenting with progressive dysphagia, coughing during meals, drooling, and intermittent choking episodes. DOSS score at baseline was 3/7. Cognitive function was preserved (MMSE 27/30). Main outcomes studied: DOSS score, Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL), and sEMG parameters (peak amplitude and swallowing duration).