Investigations on the historical origin and evolution of the smallpox vaccine

Authors

  • Drs. José Esparza 1Adjunct Professor of Medicine at the Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, EE.UU; Robert Koch Fellow at the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Foreign Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Medicine of Venezuela; Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of Latin America. ORCID 0000-0002-2305-6264.
  • Andreas Nitsche 2Head, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1, Highly Pathogenic Viruses& German Consultant Laboratory for Poxviruses & WHO Collaborating Center for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. ORCID 0000-0001-8185-3176
  • Clarissa R Damaso 3Associate Professor, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ORCID 0000-0001-6299-2816

Keywords:

Cowpox, horsepox, Jenner, smallpox, vaccine, vaccinia.

Abstract

Smallpox, the disease that probably caused the highest death toll in human history, was declared eradicated in 1980 after an intensified campaign based on immunization with a vaccine initially developed by the British country doctor Edward Jenner in 1796. The classical story is that Jenner put to experimentation the folk story suggesting that milkmaids previously infected with a mild disease of cows (cowpox) were protected from smallpox.

La viruela, la enfermedad que probablemente causó el mayor número de muertes en la historia de la humanidad, fue declarada erradicada en 1980 después de una campaña intensificada que se basó en la inmunización con una vacuna inicialmente desarrollada por el médico británico Edward Jenner en 1796. La historia clásica es que Jenner puso en experimentación la creencia popular que sugería que las ordeñadoras previamente infectadas con una enfermedad benigna de las vacas (cowpox o viruela de las vacas) quedaban protegidas contra la viruela.

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How to Cite

Esparza, D. J., Nitsche, A., & Damaso, C. R. (2020). Investigations on the historical origin and evolution of the smallpox vaccine. Gaceta Médica De Caracas, 128(1S), S88-S97. Retrieved from https://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/20443

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