SEROPREVALENCIA DE LA LEUCOSIS ENZOÓTICA BOVINA Y SU ASOCIACIÓN CON SIGNOS CLÍNICOS Y FACTORES DE RIESGO EN REBAÑOS LECHEROS DEL ESTADO BARINAS, VENEZUELA
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Resumen
(Palabras clave: Leucosis bovina, seroprevalencia, linfocitosis, factores de riesgo, rebaños, ELISA, Barinas)
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to study the seroprevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) in dairy cattle from the municipalities of Pedroza and Barinas, located at the State of Barinas, Venezuela, from July to November 2007. A total of 360 dairy cows were used. In all animals, the presence of clinical signs compatible with EBL, such as emaciation, weakness, tumefaction in suprascapular and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, were assessed. Blood samples positive to antibodies against EBLV were collected, specific antibodies to EBLV and lymphocyte proportion in samples were determined through the ELISA test and lymphocyte count, respectively. The percentage of positive animals was related to clinical findings, tumors, and lymphocytes values. Additionally, seropositivity among sex, age groups, and calving number, considered as risk factors, were also analyzed using the Chi square (X2) test. Of a total of 360 animals, 219 (60.83%) were positive to EBLV antibodies, indicating an elevated prevalence of uniform distribution in both municipalities. The proportion of seropositive animals with clinical signs was slightly higher (33.79%), when compared to seronegative animals (19.86%), although these values were not statistically significant. Likewise, no differences were found between serpositives and seronegatives regarding tumefaction detected, indicating that absence of such tumefaction does not imply lack of infection. The elevated amount of lymphocytes in both seropositive and seronegative animals was similar, reflecting no relationship with the infection through the EBLV. Concerning risk factors, age and calving number showed to be associated with the presence of antibodies (P=0.0030 and P=0.0001, respectively). In contrast, such association was not found for the variable sex. These results represent a contribution to the comprehension of EBL behaviour in Venezuela.
(Key words: Bovine leukosis, seroepidemiologic studies, lymphocytosis, risk factors, flocks, ELISA, Barinas)