Estado nutricional de los escolares de una zona rural de extrema pobreza de Ccorca, Perú: proyecto INCOS

Abstract

La ingesta deficitaria es un factor determinanteen la desnutrición infantil, un problema de salud públicafrecuente en algunas zonas de Latinoamérica. Nuestroobjetivo es valorar el desarrollo antropométrico, el consumoalimentario, la ingesta nutricional y su adecuación en escolares,según edad y género, de una zona rural de extremapobreza de los Andes peruanosque ha recibido programasgubernamentales de ayuda alimentaria. Estudio descriptivoen 171 escolares de 8,9±1,67 años, 51,5% varones. El desarrolloantropométrico se valora mediante el Z-scoreIMC/edad, el consumo alimentario por la entrevista semiestructuradade frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y el métodode Recuerdo de 24 horas, la ingesta nutricional con latabla de composición de alimentos peruana y francesa(REGAL) y su adecuación mediante la probabilidad de ingestainadecuada (PII). Presentan delgadez el 4,7%, sobrepesoel 8,8% y obesidad el 0,6%. El consumo alimentario yla ingesta nutricional no presentan diferencia entre géneros,ni grupos de edad (6-9 años y 10-12 años). La distribuciónporcentual de macronutrientes es equilibrada. La PII deenergía y la mayoría de nutrientes es significativamentemayor en el grupo de 10-12 años que en el de 6-9 años.LasvitaminasA, D, C, B3 y folatosson deficientes en ambosgrupos; y el calcio, hierro, vitamina E y vitamina B1 en elde 10-12 años. En conclusión, los escolares presentan unpeso adecuado en relación a su talla y edad probablementedebido a la alimentación aportada por las ayudas estatalesalimentarias. Sin embargo al haber un escaso consumo defrutas, verduras y hortalizas,se refleja un riesgo nutricionalde algunas vitaminas y minerales, mayor en el grupo de 10-12 años de más elevados requerimientosnutricionales.

An insufficient intake contributes to child malnutrition,a common public health problem in some LatinAmerica areas. Our objective is to assess the anthropometricdevelopment, the food consumption, the nutritional intakeand its school children adequacy, according to age and gender,in anextremely poor rural area in the Peruvian Andeswhere governmental food assistance programs were given.Descriptive study based on 171 school children about8,9±1,67years, 51,5% males. Anthropometrics characteristicsare valuated through IBM/age Z-Score. Food consumptionis assessed by semi structured interview frequency offood consumption anda 24-hour diet recall method. The nutritionalintake is estimated with the Peruvian and Frenchfood composition tables. The adequacy nutritional intake iscalculated by the inadequate intake probability (IIP). Evidencesare about 4,7% of thinness, 8,8% overweight and0,6% obesity. The food consumption and the nutritional intakeare similar among gender and age groups (6-9 yearsold and 10-12 years old). There is an acceptable macronutrientsdistribution range. The IIP energy and most nutrientsare significantly greater in the 10-12 group than in the 6-9group. A deficient intake of vitamin A, D, C, B3, folate isobserved in both groups and in Calcium, iron, vitamin E andB1 in the 10-12 group. In conclusion, students have an adequateweight for their height and age, maybe due to the stateprogram of food aid. Nevertheless, there remains weak consumptionof fruit and vegetables that is reflected in the nutritionalrisk of some vitamins and minerals, which is higherin the 10-12 years old group due their greater nutritional requirements.An insufficient intake contributes to child malnutrition,a common public health problem in some LatinAmerica areas. Our objective is to assess the anthropometricdevelopment, the food consumption, the nutritional intakeand its school children adequacy, according to age and gender,in anextremely poor rural area in the Peruvian Andeswhere governmental food assistance programs were given.Descriptive study based on 171 school children about8,9±1,67years, 51,5% males. Anthropometrics characteristicsare valuated through IBM/age Z-Score. Food consumptionis assessed by semi structured interview frequency offood consumption anda 24-hour diet recall method. The nutritionalintake is estimated with the Peruvian and Frenchfood composition tables. The adequacy nutritional intake iscalculated by the inadequate intake probability (IIP). Evidencesare about 4,7% of thinness, 8,8% overweight and0,6% obesity. The food consumption and the nutritional intakeare similar among gender and age groups (6-9 yearsold and 10-12 years old). There is an acceptable macronutrientsdistribution range. The IIP energy and most nutrientsare significantly greater in the 10-12 group than in the 6-9group. A deficient intake of vitamin A, D, C, B3, folate isobserved in both groups and in Calcium, iron, vitamin E andB1 in the 10-12 group. In conclusion, students have an adequateweight for their height and age, maybe due to the stateprogram of food aid. Nevertheless, there remains weak consumptionof fruit and vegetables that is reflected in the nutritionalrisk of some vitamins and minerals, which is higherin the 10-12 years old group due their greater nutritional requirements.