Mucositis bucal en leucemia aguda: Efecto aditivo de la neutropenia y el tratamiento cistostático

Gustavo Villasmil Prieto; Mercedes Flores Freites

doi:10.37910/RDP.2026.15.1.e443

Authors

Gustavo Villasmil Prieto Cátedra de Medicina Interna y Semiología. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Central de Venezuela.
Mercedes Flores Freites Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Central de Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-5273

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37910/RDP.2026.15.1.e443

Keywords:

Mucositis, Drug Chemotherapy, Neutropenia, Leukemia

Abstract

Oral mucositis is a common complication in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine whether oral mucositis in patients with acute leukemia is attributable to neutropenia, the cytostatic effect of drugs, or the interaction of both. An ambispective, observational, and analytical study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 46 patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TC-ALL). Clinical data were tabulated and analyzed using binary logistic regression. The proposed statistical model showed an explanatory variance of 29% (Nagelkerke’s R² = 0.29). The individual contribution of cytostatics was 10 times greater than that of neutropenia, with a β coefficient of 10.640 for chemotherapy and 1.001 for neutropenia. Specific agents such as vincristine and L-asparaginase showed a statistically significant association with the development of mucositis. It is concluded that oral mucositis is the result of the interaction of multiple factors, where the direct effect of cytostatics is the main contributor, although neutropenia also plays a secondary role.

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