Exosomas en piel: Potencial terapéutico

Zulay Rivera; Victor Ollarves; Ingrid Rivera; Isabel Hagel; Dennis Alexander  Lugo

doi:10.37910/RDP.2025.14.3.e433

Autores/as

Zulay Rivera Cátedra de Bioquímica de la Escuela de Medicina "José María Vargas". Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Central de Venezuela. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1278-6691
Victor Ollarves Medicina Estética y Fotomedicina, Unidad Médico Estética Láser (UNIMEL). Caracas, Venezuela. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6245-0854
Ingrid Rivera Escuela de Medicina "José María Vargas". Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Central de Venezuela. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9073-5841
Isabel Hagel Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit". Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Central de Venezuela. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-1830
Dennis Alexander Lugo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit". Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1797-7489

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37910/RDP.2025.14.3.e433

Palabras clave:

Exosomas, Enfermedades de la Piel, Herida, Capilar, Macrófagos, Fibroblastos

Resumen

Dadas las funciones esenciales que desempeñan los exosomas en la piel, en este trabajo se explora su uso como herramientas terapéuticas y cosméticas para la regeneración tisular, la modulación de la inflamación y la ralentización del envejecimiento cutáneo. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo presentar las principales fuentes de estas vesículas y el uso en terapias cutáneas y en cosmética. Las fuentes primarias incluyen células madre progenitoras epidérmicas (EPSC), exosomas derivados de células de la papila dérmica (DPC-Exos) y células madre mesenquimales (MSC), en particular del tejido adiposo (AD-MSC). Se ha demostrado que los que son derivados de EPSC, mejoran la cicatrización de heridas diabéticas al regular la señalización de TGFβ e influir en el comportamiento de fibroblastos y macrófagos. Los DPC-Exos desempeñan un papel en los ciclos de los folículos pilosos. Los que son derivados de MSC promueven la reepitelización, reducen la inflamación, estimulan la secreción de colágeno y elastina, y activan vías protectoras como SIRT1/Nrf2. En cosmética, los exosomas se utilizan en formulaciones tópicas (cremas, sérums, mascarillas) para la hidratación, protección y estimulación del colágeno de la piel. Estudios clínicos confirman que ayudan a mejorar la elasticidad, hidratación y textura de la piel, a la vez que reducen las cicatrices y los trastornos de la pigmentación. Además, se exploran sus aplicaciones para el rejuvenecimiento cutáneo y el control de la pigmentación, gracias a su capacidad para modular las vías de la melanogénesis. En general, los exosomas derivados de diversos tipos de células madre, son muy prometedores para aplicaciones terapéuticas y cosméticas, ofreciendo soluciones innovadoras para la cicatrización de heridas, el antienvejecimiento, los problemas de pigmentación y el crecimiento capilar.

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