Superbloques y masificación: vivienda Banco Obrero en Venezuela (1955-1957)

Resumen

Este artículo, basado en una investigación doctoral sobre
el Taller de Arquitectura del Banco Obrero (TABO), trata de
la vivienda que el BO construye en Venezuela entre 1955-1957,
siguiendo lineamientos del gobierno militar de entonces.
Se examina la adopción del modelo de vivienda multifamiliar en el BO desde 1937 hasta los superbloques de 1951, antecedentes del
Plan Cerro Piloto de 1954, primera experiencia de masificación habitacional, seguida por el frenesí constructivo a partir de 1955.
Los proyectos realizados en Caracas y en el Litoral del Distrito Federal, que combinan superbloques con la idea de eliminación
del rancho, son analizados considerando las condiciones
históricas de la época.

Descriptores
Vivienda estatal; Planes de vivienda; Superbloques;
Vivienda de alta densidad

Abstract
This article is based on a doctoral research about the “Taller de Arquitectura del Banco Obrero” (The “Banco Obrero” Architecture
Workshop). It focus on the housing solutions developed and build by this bureau in Venezuela between 1955 and 1957, following official housing policies during the military regime. The multi-family housing solutions undertaken by the “Banco Obrero” between 1937 and 1951 are examine, as precedents of the adopted plan (“Plan Cerro Piloto”), carried out in 1954, which was the first Venezuelan experience in massive urban housing that
leads in the following years to a huge construction activity. The
projects undertaken in Caracas and its suburbs near the coast
(“Litoral Central”), based on the suppression of informal
slum housing (“ranchos”) and their substitution by dense
block housing, are analyzed and discussed in the framework
of the historic context.

Descriptors
Dense block housing; Multi-family housing solutions;
Official housing policies