Effect of fish oil on oxidative stress markers in patients with probable Alzheimer´s disease

Autores

  • Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero Department of Neurology. Hight Speciality Medical Unit. Western Medical Center; Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco
  • Fermín P. Pacheco-Moisés Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering. University of Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco
  • El Hafidi Mohammed Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine. National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez. Juan Badiano 1. México City
  • Mario A. Mireles-Ramírez Department of Neurology. Hight Speciality Medical Unit. Western Medical Center; Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco
  • José A. Cruz-Serrano 4Kurago Biotech SA de CV. Jalisco.
  • Irma E. Velázquez-Brizuela Department of Neurology. Hight Speciality Medical Unit. Western Medical Center; Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco
  • Daniela L. Delgado-Lara Department of Neurology. Hight Speciality Medical Unit. Western Medical Center; Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco
  • Ana Laura Briones-Torres Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering. University of Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco
  • Genaro Gabriel Ortiz Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines. University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco.

Palavras-chave:

Alzheimer´s Disease, Fish Oil, Membrane Fluidity, Oxidative Stress, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Aceite de Pescado, Fluidez de Membrana, Estrés Oxidativo

Resumo

High intake of omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and memory in several experimental models. To assess the efficacy of fish oil supplementation on oxidative stress markers in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer´s disease (AD) we conducted a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. AD patients who met the inclusive criteria were given fish oil (containing 0.45 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1 g docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo daily for 12 months. Oxidative stress markers [lipoperoxides, nitric oxide catabolites levels, oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, and membrane fluidity] and fatty acid profile in erythrocytes were assessed at enrollment, and 6 and 12 months after the start of the testing period. At the end of the trial, in patients who received fish oil, we detected a decrease in the omega 6/omega 3 ratio in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. This change was parallel with decreases in plasma levels of lipoperoxides and nitric oxide catabolites. Conversely, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was significantly increased. In addition, membrane fluidity was increased significantly in plasma membrane samples. In conclusion fish oil administration has a beneficial effect in decreasing the levels of oxidative stress markers and improving the membrane fluidity in plasma.

El alto consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3 se asocia con la plasticidad sináptica, neurogénesis y memoria en varios modelos experimentales. Para evaluar la eficacia de la suplementación con aceite de pescado en los marcadores de estrés oxidativo en pacientes con diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) probable realizamos un ensayo clínico doble ciego, aleatorizado, controlado con placebo. A los pacientes con la EA que cumplían los criterios de inclusión se les administró aceite de pescado (que contenía 0,45 g de ácido eicosapentaenoico y 1 g de ácido docosahexaenoico) o placebo diariamente durante 12 meses. Los marcadores de estrés oxidativo plasmático [niveles de lipoperóxidos y catabolitos del óxido nítrico, cociente de glutatión reducido a glutatiónoxidado) y fluidez de la membrana] y el perfil de ácidos grasos en los eritrocitos se evaluaron al inicio, 6 meses y alos 12 meses. Al final del ensayo, en pacientes que recibieron aceite de pescado detectamos una disminución en el cociente de ácidos grasos omega 6/omega 3 en los fosfolípidos de la membrana eritrocitaria. Este cambio ocurrió en paralelo a la disminución de los niveles plasmáticos de lipoperóxidos y catabolitos del óxido nítrico. Por el contrario, el cociente de glutatión reducido a glutatión oxidado se incrementó significativamente. Además, la fluidez de la membrana aumentó significativamente en las muestras analizadas. En conclusión, la administración de aceite de pescado tiene un efecto beneficioso al disminuir los niveles de marcadores de estrés oxidativo plasmático y mejorar la fluidez de la membrana plasmática.

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Sánchez-Romero, L., Pacheco-Moisés, F. P., Mohammed, E. H., Mireles-Ramírez, M. A., Cruz-Serrano, J. A., Velázquez-Brizuela, I. E., Delgado-Lara, D. L., Briones-Torres, A. L., & Ortiz, G. G. (2020). Effect of fish oil on oxidative stress markers in patients with probable Alzheimer´s disease. Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutrición (ALAN), 70(2), 123–133. Obtido de http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_alan/article/view/20210

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