Carotenoid composition and antioxidant activity of the raw and boiled fruit mesocarp of six varieties of Bactris gasipaes

Abstract

Total carotenoid content and composition of carotenoids of six varieties of Bactris gasipaes were determined by spectrophotometry and HPLC, with photodiode array detector. Significant differences in total carotenoid content (1.1 to 22.3 mg/100g) were detected among these varieties. Boiling the fruits for 30 minutes did not affect total carotenoid content, but did change the amount of some specific carotenoids, mainly by the production of Z-isomers. Peach palm varieties had the same carotenoids, but in different proportions, presenting mainly, all E-β–carotene (26.2% to 47.9%), Z-γ-carotene (18.2% to 34.3%) and Z-lycopene (10.2% to 26.8%). When antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, it was observed that the variety with higher percentages of β-carotene (54.1%) presented the higher activity. This is one of the first reports in carotenoid content and antioxidant activity in well typified varieties of Bactris gasipaes, whose results could have a positive impact in the consumption of certain peach palm varieties.

Se determinó la concentración y composición de carotenoides a seis variedades de Bactris gasipaes, mediante espectrofotometría y HPLC con un detector de arreglo de diodos. Las diferencias en el contenido de carotenoides totales fueron significativas entre las variedades estudiadas (1.1 a 22.3 mg/100g). El hervir los frutos por 30 minutos no afectó de forma significativa el contenido de carotenoides totales, pero sí la concentración de algunos carotenoides, principalmente de los isómeros Z. Las distintas variedades presentaron los mismos carotenoides pero en diferente proporción, principalmente: todo E-β–caroteno (26.2% - 47.9%), Z-γ-caroteno (18.2% a 34.3%) y Z-licopeno (10.2% a 26.8%).Al evaluarse la actividad antioxidante con DPPH, se observó que la variedad con el mayor porcentaje de β-caroteno presentó la mayor actividad. Este es uno de los primeros reportes de composición de carotenoides de Bactris gasipaes bien tipificados, cuyo resultado puede incidir directamente en el consumo de ciertas poblaciones de Bactris.