Abordaje clínico del dolor crónico en el paciente geriátrico
Resumen
El dolor crónico (DC) es un problema clínico altamente frecuente en la población de edad avanzada, imprimiendo consecuencias severas en la salud general, la funcionalidad e independencia cotidiana, y la calidad de vida. Casi invariablemente condiciona y refuerza problemas agregados como trastornos del sueño, afecciones musculoesqueléticas, reducción de la movilidad, caídas, malnutrición, deterioro neurocognitivo, depresión y otros trastornos mentales, y la polifarmacia. La carga asistencial y financiera del DC en la población geriátrica sobre los sistemas de salud es igualmente agravante, calculado en varios miles de dólares por paciente anualmente, atribuidos fundamentalmente a hospitalizaciones, cuidados paramédicos, medicación y consultas médicas. Estos gastos han mostrado una tendencia ascendente, rápida y prominente en años recientes. En este escenario, se hace menester una pauta de actuación médica clara, precisa y expedita, con un enfoque organizado. En este marco, el trabajo interdisciplinario brilla como elemento esencial, así como la integración de la familia y cuidadores. Por lo tanto, en este artículo se revisa el abordaje clínico del DC en el paciente geriátrico, incluyendo intervenciones psicosociales y farmacológicas.
Palabras clave: Dolor crónico, geriatría, envejecimiento, terapia del dolor.
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Derechos de autor 2023 AVFT – Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
