Effect of Brassica nigra seeds extract against hepatocellular proliferation induced by phenobarbital as tumor promoter agent
Keywords:
Hepatocellular proliferation, Phenobarbital, Brassica seedsAbstract
Hepatocellular proliferation is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and is a widely distributed type of cancer-related death. There are considerable challenges in treating hepatocellular carcinoma, including ineffectiveness, adverse effects, and drug resistance to available drugs. It has been established that a high intake of Brassica vegetables is linked to a lower risk of many cancers. In the study, Brassica nigra seeds were extracted; phytochemical analysis of the extract was done, including phytochemical screening tests and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Antiproliferative activity of hydroalcoholic Brassica seeds extract has been studied at 800mg/kg and compared with the control group (given normal saline), phenobarbital group (Phenobarbital 75mg/kg), and combination group (Brassica extract 800mg/kg+ Phenobarbital 75mg/kg). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of the isothiocyanate compound. Compared to the phenobarbital group, Combining groups pretreated with Brassica nigra seeds for 14 days and phenobarbital for seven days caused a significant reduction in Ki67 and Bcl2 expression that was obvious in immunohistochemical slides. Also, combination groups showed a substantial decrease in the expression level of genes related to the cell cycle, including minichromosome maintenance genes 2 (Mcm2) and cyclin A2 (Ccna2), and a significant reduction in the expression level of Cytochrome P450, including CYP2B10 and CYP2C29 in comparison with phenobarbital group. Brassica nigra seeds extract showed antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on the liver tissue, suggesting it has a beneficial impact on minimizing the risk of liver cancer.
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