Carcinoma basocelular de localización aberrante. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in humans and also represents the most common form of skin cancer. It presents variable clinical and histological subtypes. The main predisposing factor is chronic and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which explains its higher incidence in sun-exposed areas, mainly the head and neck. However, there are reports of unusual locations in non-exposed areas such as the axillae, pubic region, vulva, nail unit, scrotum, and buttocks. Its occurrence in the genital area constitutes an aberrant and exceptional localization, representing less than 1% of reported cases. In males, the scrotum is the most frequent site within this anatomical region. The particular characteristics of scrotal skin: thin, wrinkled, and highly vascularized, make the delimitation of clinical margins difficult and may favor a more aggressive evolution compared with other locations. These factors make scrotal basal cell carcinoma a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge that requires histological confirmation and surgical approaches with strict margin control. We present the case of a 74-year-old
male patient in whom a nodular basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum was incidentally detected during physical examination. The lesion had a two-year history and was treated with conventional surgery. Our objective is to highlight the occurrence of this neoplasm in areas not exposed to ultraviolet radiation, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.

Keywords: Basal cell carcinoma; aberrant localization;  scrotum.