Prevención primaria del cáncer de piel. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Summary

The incidence and mortality of skin cancer, both melanoma and non-melanoma, has
continued to increase considerably in the past years despite the interventions dedicated
to its prevention. Skin cancer constitutes a public health problem worldwide. It is the most
common type of all types of cancer and in 2020 the prevalence worldwide was of 324,635
cases. Skin cancer is preventable if lifestyle changing measures are taken since
childhood that reduce the incidence of ultraviolet light (UVL). The objective of this
systematic review is to study the current early primary prevention measures for skin
cancer in children and adolescents, taking the countries with the most experience as
models, such as Australia, Switzerland, the United States, France and England, among
others, in order to create a primary intervention design proposal for countries with less
experience. A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, VIU,
Mendeley and Cochrane databases for publications published between January 1997 and
December 2023. Following the PRISMA methodology, 7 eligible publications were found
that included only primary prevention strategies for children and/or adolescents. Within
primary prevention, educational models were the most used and most effective (86%.5%),
followed by the environmental model (14%). This work supports that the best program
proposal to implement in countries with less experience is an educational one to improve
photoprotection habits using the tools of the environmental model.

Keywords: Skin cancer, prevention, photoeducation, primary prevention.