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Abstract

Neoantigens: the future of immunotherapy in melanoma

Summary

Neoantigens have emerged as innovative targets in melanoma immunotherapy, arising from somatic mutations that generate tumor-specific and highly immunogenic peptides. Advances in genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence have enabled their identification and characterization, opening the possibility of designing personalized vaccines capable of inducing specific and durable immune responses. This review analyzes the most relevant progress in the development of neoantigen-based therapies, the results of recent clinical trials in advanced melanoma, and the main challenges that still limit their clinical implementation. Furthermore, the future perspectives of these strategies are discussed, particularly as complementary approaches to conventional immunotherapies.

Keywords: neoantigens, immunotherapy, melanoma, tumor vaccines, mutated proteins