Measurement of the Refractive Index of Crude Oil and Asphaltene Solutions: Onset Flocculation Determination

Abstract

In this work, we measure the refractive index of crude oils and asphaltene in toluene solutions using a fiber 7 optic refractometer designed to work with high-viscosity and high optical density samples. The data of the 8 samples were analyzed using the Lorentz -Lorenz theory and simple mixing rules. The refractive index for 9 crude oils without dilution for three crude oils with different American Petroleum Institute (API) degree, 10 asphaltene quantity, and stability were measured. Flocculation onset for crude oils and asphaltene 11 solutions were measured using n-heptane as the precipitant agent. Results showed that medium crude 12 oils and maltenes from medium, heavy, and extra-heavy crude oils follow the Lorentz -Lorenz mixing rule. 13 In the case of Boscan crude oil, a sample without any significant asphaltene precipitation problems, the 14 refractive index is lower than that obtained for toluene. In contrast, Furrial crude oil, a sample with severe 15 asphaltene precipitation problems, gave a refractive index higher than toluene. Finally, asphaltene 16 flocculation onset was clearly followed by refractive index measurement in crude oils and asphaltene in 17 toluene solutions after n-heptane addition.