MOHOS TOXIGÉNICOS Y MICOTOXINAS EN MAÍZ DE GRANO BLANCO COSECHADO BAJO RIEGO EN LOS ESTADOS YARACUY Y PORTUGUESA, VENEZUELA

Abstract

To detect and quantify Aspergillus flavus (FV), Fusarium verticillioides (FV), aflatoxin (AFLA) and fumonisins (FUM) on maize grains was tested in Sabana de Parra, Yaracuy State, Agua Blanca and Santa Cruz de Turén, Portuguesa State during the dry season of 2005-2006 cycle and San Javier, Yaracuy State during the dry season of 2006-2007. Fungal incidence was determined by direct seeding of whole grains, disinfected, on malt salt agar. The content of AFLA and FUM in Sabana de Parra, Agua Blanca and Santa Cruz de Turén was determined by specific immunoassay. In San Javier AFLA quantification was performed by ELISA and specific immunoassay FUM. In Sabana de Parra, Agua Blanca and Santa Cruz de Turén significative differences between genotypes in the incidence of AF and FV, and not significative for the contents of AFLA and FUM were detected. In San Javier significative differences in the contents of AFLA and FUM, and not significative for AF and FV were observed. The incidence of AF was low in Agua Blanca and San Javier, low in Sabana de Parra except P30F94 and low to high in Santa Cruz de Turén. The incidence of FV was low in Sabana de Parra, and low to high in the other localities. In Sabana de Parra FUM and AFLA contents were low and just under the limit permissible, but in the other localities several samples exceeded 20 ng/g maximum permitted tolerance. Additional key words: aflatoxins, fumonisins, Zea mays.