Factores de riesgo de morbimortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardíaca aguda

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) can be defined as the set of symptoms and signs secundary to cardiac pump failure, which causes inability to provide the tissues’s metabolics requirements. OUTCOMES: To identify the risk factors of morbimortality in patients hospitalized with acute HF. Method: Data from 60 medical charts were obtained, between 2002-2012 period, which contains the inclusion criteria. Results: 60% of the patients were males with an average age of 64 years (SD + 14 years). Underlaying diseases were recorded in 96.7% of population being the most common hypertension. The main cause of decompensation was secondary to infectious processes (33.3%). The most frequent electrocardiographic abnormalities were arrhythmias (33.4%), left atrial abnormality (50%) and left ventricular hypertrophy (32.1%), while in the echocardiogram, ejection fraction <45% was evident in 73.7% of cases and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in 47.4%. Loop diuretics were the most widely used drug treatment at admission (88%), followed by Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) modulating drugs (76.7%), reversing this ratio at discharge (RAAS modulating drugs in 90% and loop diurectics in 85%). Three inhospital complications were registred and just one deceased patient. Conclusions: Patients with HF are predominantly male, with younger ages to those reported in the literature. Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent underlying pathologies. The electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings are consistent with previous studies. The treatment of choice in our center is the recommended by the practice guidelines.