Suplementación prenatal con omega 3 y su efecto en complicaciones durante el embarazo

Reyna Peñailillo; Alejandra Plaza; Claudio Díaz; Matías Lagos; Antonia Barros; Sebastián E. Illanes

doi:10.37527/2022.72.2.007

Autores/as

Reyna Peñailillo Laboratorio Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago
Alejandra Plaza Laboratorio Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago
Claudio Díaz Laboratorio Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago
Matías Lagos Laboratorio Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago
Antonia Barros Laboratorio Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago
Sebastián E. Illanes Laboratorio Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37527/2022.72.2.007

Palabras clave:

Omega 3, Suplementación, Embarazo, Parto Prematuro

Resumen

Durante los últimos años se ha incentivado la suplementación con omega 3 durante el embarazo principalmente debido a la evidencia que mostraría beneficios en el desarrollo neuronal y visual del hijo en gestación, y a la prevención de patologías obstétricas asociadas a un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad perinatal. Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFAs) omega 3, específicamente el ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y el ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), poseen propiedades antiinflamatorias, vasodilatadoras, además de propiedades anti-agregantes, las cuales han estimulado el uso de PUFAs en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. En esta revisión detallamos los efectos de la suplementación con omega 3 en diferentes aspectos del embarazo tales como la prevención del parto prematuro, preeclampsia, depresión post-parto y mejora del metabolismo durante la diabetes gestacional. Si bien existen diversos ensayos clínicos randomizados que estudian la suplementación con omega 3 durante la gestación, la evidencia sigue siendo no concluyente, debido a la variabilidad de las dosis y tiempo de administración. Ciertamente, un mayor número de estudios de calidad son necesarios para determinar el real impacto de la suplementación con omega 3 durante la gestación en la prevención de patologías obstétricas

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