Ejercicio físico y terapia nutricional en el tratamiento de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Revisión Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37527/2022.72.1.007Palabras clave:
Terapia Dietética, Nutrición, Ejercicio Disfuncional, Ejercicio Intensivo, Ejercicio Consciente, Dietary Therapy, Nutrition, Dysfunctional Exercise, Intensive Exercise, Conscious ExerciseResumen
Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) son una enfermedad mental grave, causante de morbilidad física y psicosocial. Esta enfermedad tiene una mayor prevalencia entre mujeres jóvenes, y en población deportista. La terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) es el tratamiento actual más adecuado para este tipo de trastornos, no obstante, cada vez son más los programas que incluyen pautas de ejercicio físico (EF) y Terapia Nutricional (TN) para el tratamiento de los TCA. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática exploratoria de la literatura que permita conocer el estado actual de los programas de intervención a través del EF y la TN para el tratamiento de los TCA. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda y recopilación de documentos científicos mediante un modelo de acumulación de datos y selección de estudios, en la que se utilizaron las bases de datos informatizadas SCOPUS, Web of Science, y PubMed. En todas las bases de datos consultadas, se empleó la misma frase de búsqueda. Para acotar los resultados, se introdujeron una serie de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados. La revisión contó con cinco documentos relacionados con la temática de estudio, que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Conclusión. Las intervenciones con EF y TN para el tratamiento de los TCA suponen una reducción en la severidad de la sintomatología de los pacientes. Estos programas se muestran como una herramienta terapéutica alternativa o complementariaa la terapia convencional. Se requieren más estudios que combinen programas de intervención de EF y TN dirigidos a pacientes con TCA.
Eating Disorders (ED) are a severe mental illness that causes physical and psychosocial problems. This illness has a higher prevalence among young women, and between athletes. cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the current treatment for this type of disorder. However, more and more programs are including physical exercise (PE) and nutritional therapy (TN) for eating disorders treatment. Objective. To carry out an exploratory systematic review of the literature that allows us to know the current state of intervention programs through physical exercise and nutritional therapy for the treatment of eating disorders. Materials and methods. For the reference search thesame search phrase was used. The terms were entered in English in the following computerized databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed. To limit the search, four inclusion criteria were introduced. Results. The review included five scientific articles related to the study topic, which met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion. Intervention programs for the treatment of eating disorders that include physical exercise and nutritional therapy are shown as an alternative or complementary tool to conventional therapy. These programs involve a reduction in the severity of ED symptoms and an improvement in anthropometric parameters and physical condition. More studies that combine PE and TN programs for people with ED are required.
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