ASPECTOS BIOQUÍMICOS DE LA DEGRADACIÓN DE PIRIDINEDIOLES TÓXICOS DERIVADOS DE LA MIMOSINA POR LA BACTERIA RUMINAL SYNERGISTES JONESII
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Resumen
Synergistes jonesii es una bacteria anaeróbica aislada del rumen de animales resistentes a los efectos tóxicos de la leguminosa Leucaena leucocéfala que exhibe actividad degradadora sobre piridinedioles tóxicos derivados de la mimosina. En el siguiente trabajo extractos proteicos libres de células de cultivos anaeróbicos de la bacteria S. jonesii fueron analizados para estudiar algunos aspectos bioquímicos del metabolismo de las piridinas. Se demostró que la actividad degradadora de piridinedioles se lleva a cabo en presencia de a-ceto-ácidos (piruvato o a-cetoglutarato) bajo una atmósfera de nitrógeno, o bien en presencia de metil viologen solamente en presencia de hidrógeno. La degradación de piridinedioles en presencia de metil viologen e hidrógeno se lleva a cabo gracias a la existencia de enzimas hidrogenasas en el extracto enzimático. El requerimiento de a-ceto-ácidos y agentes reductores de bajo potencial redox en atmósfera anaeróbica (N2 o H2 respectivamente), indica que durante la degradación del anillo de 2,3-dihidroxipiridina (2,3DHP) concurren reacciones de reducción enzimática. Entre los intermediarios evaluados el flavín adenín dinucleótido (FAD) y la coenzima A (CoA) estimularon la actividad degradadora en el sistema a-ceto-ácido/N2 pero no estimularon la degradación del 2,3DHP por sí solos. La carencia de amonio en los productos finales de la degradación del anillo de piridina sugiere que alguno de los compuestos intermediarios de la degradación debe ser nitrogenado. Mediante el análisis por HPLC y GC de muestras de células de S. jonesii resuspendidas en solución buffer carbonato, suplementada con amonio, se determinó la presencia de ornitina y ácido propiónico como posibles compuestos intermediarios del metabolismo del 2,3DHP.
Biochemical Aspects of Mimosine-Derived Toxic Pyridinediols Degradation by the Rumen Bacterium Synergistes jonesii
ABSTRACT
Synergistes jonesii is an anaerobic bacterium isolated from the rumen of animals resistant to the toxic effect of the legume Leucaena leucocephala, which exhibits degrading activity on mimosinederived toxic pyridinediols. The following work reports analyses on cell-free protein extracts from anaerobic cultures of S. jonesii that were used to study some biochemical aspects of the metabolism of pyridinediols. It was demonstrated that the pyridinediol-degrading activity was carried out when either a-keto acids (pyruvic or a-keto-glutaric acid) were present in anaerobic condition or methyl viologen was present only under hydrogen atmosphere. Pyrideniols degradation occurred under hydrogen and methyl viologen due to the presence of hydrogenases in the cell-free extract. The requirement for a-keto acids and low redox potential reducing agents under anaerobic conditions (N2 or H2) indicate that reduction mechanisms are involved in the degradation of 2,3- dihydroxypyridine (2,3DHP). From the intermediary compounds tested flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and coenzyme A (CoA) stimulated the degrading activity in a-keto acid/N2 system but failed to stimulate the 2,3DHP degradation by themselves. Lack of ammonium in the end products from degradation of the aromatic pyridine suggests that at least some of the intermediary products could be a nitrogencontaining compound. HPLC and GC analyses of samples taken from S. jonesii cells resuspended in carbonate buffered solution supplemented with ammonium showed the presence of ornitine and propionate as possible intermediary products of the 2,3DHP metabolism.
Biochemical Aspects of Mimosine-Derived Toxic Pyridinediols Degradation by the Rumen Bacterium Synergistes jonesii
ABSTRACT
Synergistes jonesii is an anaerobic bacterium isolated from the rumen of animals resistant to the toxic effect of the legume Leucaena leucocephala, which exhibits degrading activity on mimosinederived toxic pyridinediols. The following work reports analyses on cell-free protein extracts from anaerobic cultures of S. jonesii that were used to study some biochemical aspects of the metabolism of pyridinediols. It was demonstrated that the pyridinediol-degrading activity was carried out when either a-keto acids (pyruvic or a-keto-glutaric acid) were present in anaerobic condition or methyl viologen was present only under hydrogen atmosphere. Pyrideniols degradation occurred under hydrogen and methyl viologen due to the presence of hydrogenases in the cell-free extract. The requirement for a-keto acids and low redox potential reducing agents under anaerobic conditions (N2 or H2) indicate that reduction mechanisms are involved in the degradation of 2,3- dihydroxypyridine (2,3DHP). From the intermediary compounds tested flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and coenzyme A (CoA) stimulated the degrading activity in a-keto acid/N2 system but failed to stimulate the 2,3DHP degradation by themselves. Lack of ammonium in the end products from degradation of the aromatic pyridine suggests that at least some of the intermediary products could be a nitrogencontaining compound. HPLC and GC analyses of samples taken from S. jonesii cells resuspended in carbonate buffered solution supplemented with ammonium showed the presence of ornitine and propionate as possible intermediary products of the 2,3DHP metabolism.
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