Factores de riesgo para morbilidad postquirúrgica aumentada en pacientes sometidos a cirugía plástica

Abstract

Plastic surgery (PS) encompasses some of the most common surgical procedures worldwide. Patients undergoing this type of procedure tend to present a low incidence of minor complications. However, it has been noted that more invasive procedures, metabolic comorbidities, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and lifestyle habits may significantly influence the development of severe complications such as venous thromboembolism, stroke, and tissue necrosis post-PS. Thus, an exhaustive assessment of patients is recommended in order to appropriately stratify their morbidity risk. This would allow an opportune perioperative management conducive to a reduction of complications post-PS, which includes lifestyle changes and preventive strategies such as antibiotic therapy and thromboprophylaxis. Nevertheless, further research is necessary in this area to develop effective and specific guidelines for preventive and therapeutic management for patients at risk undergoing various types of PS. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe the clinical evidence on the various risk factors associated with the incidence of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing PS and to discuss the possible perioperative therapeutic strategies available to ameliorate these issues.