Factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos a considerar en la cirugía ortopédica

Abstract

Given the exponential increase in the frequency of orthopedic surgical procedures, the inherent complications of these operations have also seen an increase in their prevalence. In this scenario, the risk factors for these complications have been widely studied. At present, the severe increase of cardiometabolic conditions cannot be ignored in any medical area, including surgery. Various studies have demonstrated that the presence of comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, represents a significant increment in the risk of developing postoperative complications. In particular, obesity and DM keep a tight link with the development of osteoarthritis, and thus it is not rare that these patients may require these arthroplastic procedures more frequently. Likewise, it has been demonstrated that both obesity and DM tend to worsen the postoperative prognosis, highlighting therapeutic alternatives to reduce postoperative risks. The objective of this review is to evaluate the cardiometabolic conditions that increase the risk of developing postoperative complications, specifically, obesity and DM will be approached given their particular relationship with orthopedic procedures.