Factores de riesgo de hipertensión arterial en adultos. Una revisión crítica

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a pathology caused by the increase in blood pressure, which represents one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide because despite being considered a chronic disease it can constitute a risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases.

Worldwide, this pathology is more common in women than in men, the predominant risk factors are the age group between 60 and 80 years, obesity, overweight, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcoholism, genetic predisposition, as well as other dietary factors. To prevent hypertension, one must have healthy habits and carry out physical activity, in addition, those who have a family history of hypertension should undergo a constant medical check-up.

Objective: To identify the risk factors that are involved in the development of arterial hypertension in adults.

Methods: A meticulous search was carried out using digital databases such as SCOPUS, PUBMED, Redalyc, Proquest, SCIELO and LILACS, as well as the use of medical websites that have reliable and verifiable information.

Conclusions: It is concluded that arterial hypertension, or increased blood pressure, is associated with multiple degenerative complications and alterations in cardiac physiology, and is directly responsible for a high percentage of deaths. There are multiple risk factors for hypertension that generally coexist, among them are environmental factors, individual habits, and genetic factors.