Atherosclerosis: a global challenge with multifactorial roots

Abstract

The scientific interest that exists in the mechanisms involved in the process that gives rise to atherosclerosis is considerably notable and important. The large volume of articles and knowledge on this topic is increasing, allowing us to constantly delve deeper into the pathophysiological mechanisms that comprise atherosclerosis, the risk factors that predispose to it, and the possible consequences to be expected once the pathology is triggered. It is now known that the multifactorial nature of this abnormal situation of the arteries is what has led to the high morbidity and mortality that cardiovascular diseases currently represent. Objective: To investigate the mechanisms of atherosclerosis: To delve deeper into the pathophysiological processes that lead to the development of this disease. To understand how different elements, including immunity, genetics and microbiota, contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Methods: A review of the existing scientific literature on the subject was carried out. Analysis of studies that relate risk factors (hormonal, environmental and genetic) with the development of the disease. Research on the role of the immune system and microbiota in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. It has been possible to elucidate the different causes, finding a strong relationship between the development of atherosclerosis and various factors, in order to try to explain the pathophysiological substrate that we face in the search for the most effective treatment for this abnormal condition of the organism.