Clasificación sistemática de paisajes. Propuesta de un marco conceptual - Elizalde, Graciano (Venesuelos, 2012)
<span lang="es-TRAD" style="font-family: Arial; language: es-TRAD; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: es-TRAD; mso-ligatures: none;">En 1983 el autor propuso la primera aproximación de un ensayo de clasificación de paisajes en 8 categorías, acompañado por varios ejemplos en diversos sectores de Venezuela. Esta segunda aproximación, reúne la experiencia derivada de la aplicación de la clasificación en diversas regiones del país durante casi treinta años. Se propone una definición del término paisaje vinculado con los conceptos de ecosistema y sistema pedogeomorfológico. La propuesta divide el universo de paisajes en 8 categorías, cada una de las cuales corresponde a ciertos rangos de complejidad y de escala de representación cartográfica. Se desarrolla una serie de ecuaciones que demuestran que el sistema pedogeomorfológico estará en continuo y constante cambio y solo alcanzará el estado de equilibrio cuando se agoten sus fuentes de energía y materiales. Se concluye que los mapas obtenidos a partir de este sistema de clasificación tienen muchos campos de aplicación como: <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: inter-word; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="es-TRAD" style="font-family: Arial; language: es-TRAD; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: es-TRAD; mso-ligatures: none;">Marco para nuevos mapas geomorfológicos más detallados <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: inter-word; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="es-TRAD" style="font-family: Arial; language: es-TRAD; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: es-TRAD; mso-ligatures: none;">Marco de referencia para la correlación regional o internacional de paisajes <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: inter-word; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="es-TRAD" style="font-family: Arial; language: es-TRAD; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: es-TRAD; mso-ligatures: none;">Marco para la elaboración de mapas de unidades ecológicas, de suelos, de vegetación, de unidades agroecológicas o similares <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: inter-word; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="es-TRAD" style="font-family: Arial; language: es-TRAD; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: es-TRAD; mso-ligatures: none;">Permiten identificar y conocer la distribución espacial de los indicadores de riesgo ambiental de diferentes tipos de usos de la tierra <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: inter-word; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="es-TRAD" style="font-family: Arial; language: es-TRAD; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: es-TRAD; mso-ligatures: none;">Son adecuados para la identificación, integración y desglose de las presiones ejercidas sobre la biodiversidad que sufren los ecosistemas <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: inter-word; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="es-TRAD" style="font-family: Arial; language: es-TRAD; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: es-TRAD; mso-ligatures: none;">Para la selección de áreas de referencia de paisajes adecuados para identificar y medir los indicadores orientados a políticas agroambientales. <span lang="es-VE" style="text-transform: uppercase; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; language: es-VE; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: es-VE; mso-ligatures: none;">Abstract <span lang="en-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; language: en-US; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-US; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In 1983 the author proposed the first approach of a landscape classification essay in 8 categories, accompanied by several examples in various areas of Venezuela. This second approach brings together experience from the use of the classification in various regions of the country for almost thirty years. Proposes a definition of landscape connected to the concepts of ecosystem and pedogeomorphologic system. The proposal divides the universe of landscapes in 8 categories, each of which corresponds to certain ranges of complexity and scale of cartographic representation. It develops a series of equations that demonstrate that pedogeomorphologic systems will be in continuous and constantly change and only will reach the steady-state when their sources of energy and materials get exhausted. It concludes that maps obtained from this classification system have many fields of application such as: <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: newspaper; text-kashida-space: 50%; mso-pagination: none; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="en-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; language: en-US; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-US; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A framework for new more detailed geomorphologic mapping <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: newspaper; text-kashida-space: 50%; mso-pagination: none; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="en-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; language: en-US; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-US; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A framework for regional or international correlation of landscapes <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: newspaper; text-kashida-space: 50%; mso-pagination: none; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="en-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; language: en-US; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-US; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A framework for mapping ecological units, soil, vegetation, or similar agro-ecological units <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: newspaper; text-kashida-space: 50%; mso-pagination: none; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="en-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; language: en-US; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-US; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A means to Identify and understand the spatial distribution of environmental risk indicators of different types of land uses <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: newspaper; text-kashida-space: 50%; mso-pagination: none; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="en-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; language: en-US; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-US; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">They are suitable for the identification of the pressures on the ecosystem biodiversity <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.8pt; margin-left: 13.8pt; text-justify: newspaper; text-kashida-space: 50%; mso-pagination: none; mso-level-number-format: bullet; mso-level-text: ·; mso-level-size: 10.0pt; mso-level-font-family: Symbol; mso-level-indent: 13.8pt;">· <span lang="en-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; language: en-US; mso-default-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-latin-font-family: Arial; mso-greek-font-family: Arial; mso-cyrillic-font-family: Arial; mso-armenian-font-family: Arial; mso-hebrew-font-family: Arial; mso-arabic-font-family: Arial; mso-currency-font-family: Arial; mso-latinext-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-US; mso-ligatures: none; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">For the selection of reference areas to identify and measure indicators for agricultural and environmental policies.