Evaluación de áreas con potencial para el establecimiento de sitios de refugio inmediato en caso de un evento sísmico en el municipio Chacao, estado Miranda, 2019. - Gómez Hernández, Brenda Gabriela; Hernández Maceda, Carlos Eduardo (Terra Nueva Etapa, 2021)
<p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">El municipio Chacao, ubicado en el extremo noroccidental del estado Miranda de Venezuela, se caracteriza por ser <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">uno de los municipios más desarrollado económicamente del país, además se presenta como una de las zonas con <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">mayor riesgo sísmico, principalmente, debido a su condición geológica y el espesor de sedimentos que lo caracteriza, <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">influyendo esto en el movimiento expansivo de las ondas sísmicas al momento de presentarse un fenómeno natural de <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">este tipo. La creación y acción de planes y propuestas para el resguardo de la población serán fundamentales, debido a <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">que permitirán la reducción de posibles víctimas al momento de un sismo. En tal sentido, esta investigación tiene como <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">objetivo evaluar áreas del municipio para el establecimiento de sitios de refugio inmediato a los cuales pueda dirigirse la <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">población en caso de un evento sísmico para protegerse y ser asistidas por los equipos de emergencia y las instalaciones <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">críticas. Para dicha finalidad, se toman en cuenta variables como geología, amenaza sísmica, pendiente, la distancias de <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">los posibles sitios de refugio inmediato tanto a las edificaciones y demás estructuras como a las instalaciones críticas, y la <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">accesibilidad, las cuales son procesadas mediante el Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP), obteniendo cuatro (4) <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">categorías, correspondientes a bajo, moderado a bajo, moderado a alto y alto potencial, obteniendo como resultado que <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">los sitios de refugio inmediato con mayor potencial se encuentran ubicados al sur y al suroeste del municipio, mientras <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times;">que los que poseen un bajo potencial se ubican hacia el noreste del área. <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"> <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Abstrac <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">The Chacao municipality, located in the extreme northwest of the Miranda state of Venezuela, is characterized for <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">being one of the most economically developed municipalities in the country, it also present itself as one of the areas <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">with the highest seismic risk, mainly due to its geological condition and the thickness of sediments that characterizes <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">it, influencing this in the expansive movement of seismic waves at the moment of presenting a natural phenomenon <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">of this type. The creation and action of plans and proposals for the protection of the population will be fundamental, <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">because they will allow the reduction of possible victims at the time of an earthquake. In this regard, the objective of this <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">research is to evaluate areas of the municipality for the establishment of immediate refuge sites to which the population <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">can address in the case of a seismic event to protect themselves and be assisted by emergency equipment and critical <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">facilities. For this purpose, are taken into account variables such as geology, seismic threat, pending, the distances of <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">possible immediate refuge sites to buildings and other structures as well as to critical facilities, and accessibility, which <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">are processed though the Principal Components Analysis (PCA), obtaining four (4) categories corresponding to low, <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">moderate to low, moderate to high and high potential, obtaining as a result that the immediate refuge sites with the <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">greatest potential are located to the south and southwest of the municipality, while those with low potential are located <p style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">towards the northeast of the area.