El impacto psicológico de la cirugía bariátrica en pacientes obesos postoperados
Palabras clave:
obesidad, cirugía bariátrica, salud mental, estilio de vida, bienestar psicológico, obesity, bariatric surgery, mental health, lifestyle, psychological well-beingResumen
La obesidad constituye una de las enfermedades crónicas que genera mayor desajuste en los pacientes que la padecen. La cirugía bariátrica surge como el tratamiento de elección para tratar la obesidad y mejorar las comorbilidades físicas asociadas. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo mostrar los hallazgos de investigaciones que apoyan que tanto el estilo de vida saludable como el bienestar psicológico varían tras dos años de cirugía. Se empleó el método de Revisión Sistemática, sin metanálisis, en seis bases de datos, para evaluar un total de 86 artículos. Se concluyó que los cambios en el bienestar psicológico y en el estilo de vida saludable se dan en el postoperatorio inmediato o a mediano plazo, más no se mantienen en el tiempo.
The psychological impact of bariatric surgery in oper ated obese patients
Abstract
Obesity constitutes one of the chronic diseases that generates the greatest imbalance in patients who suffer from it. Bariatric surgery emerges as the treatment of choice to treat obesity and improve associated physical comorbidities. This article aimed at presenting research findings that support that both a healthy lifestyle and psychological well-being vary after two years of surgery. A systematic review was conducted across six databases, without meta-analysis, evaluating a total of 86 articles. It was concluded that changes reported in psychological well-being and in the healthy lifestyle, occur in the immediate postoperative period or in the medium term, but are not maintained over time.
Descargas
Citas
Alcaraz, A., Ferrer, M. y Parrón, T. (2015). Calidad de vida en los pacientes obesos y su cambio tras cirugía bariátrica a medio y largo plazo. https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S0212-16112015000500017&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es
American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. (2019). Recommendations for the presurgical psychosocial evaluation of bariatric
surgery patients. https://asmbs.org/app/uploads/2016/06/2016-PsychGuidelines-blished.pdf
Apovian, C. (2016). Obesity: Definition, Comorbidities, Causes, and Burden. The American Journal of Managed Care. 22.7. 176-185.
Bocchieri, L.; Meana, M. and Fisher, L. (2002). “A review of psychosocial outcomes of surgery for morbid obesity,” Journal of Psychosomatic
Research. 52, (3), 155-165.
Buchwald, H., Avidor, Y., Braunwald, E., Jensen, M., Pories, W., Fahrbach, K., & Schoelles, K. (2004). Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and
meta-analysis. JAMA, 292(14), 1724-1737. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.14.1724
Burgmer, R., Legenbauer, T., Müller, A., de Zwaan, M., Fischer, C., & Herpertz, S. (2014). Psychological outcome 4 years after restrictive
bariatric surgery. Obesity surgery, 24(10), 1670-1678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-014-1226-x
Castaneda, D., Popov, V., Wander, P. et al. (2019). Risk of Suicide and Selfharm Is Increased after Bariatric Surgery—a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. OBES SURG 29, 322–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-018-3493-4
Cena, H., De Giuseppe, R., Biino, G. et al. (2016). Evaluation of eating habits and lifestyle in patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery: a single Italian center experience. SpringerPlus 5, 1467. doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3133-1
Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. (1998). Bethesda
(MD): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2003/
Colquitt, J., Pickett, K., Loveman, E. and Frampton G. (2014). Surgery for weight loss in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2014:CD003641. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003641.pub4
Courcoulas, A., Yanovski, S., Bonds, D., et al. (2014). Long-term Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery: A National Institutes of Health Symposium. JAMA Surg 149(12): 1323-1329. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2014.2440
Courcoulas, A., Belle S., Neiberg, R., et al. (2015). Three-Year Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery vs Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 150(10): 931-940. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2015.1534
Cummings, David & Arterburn, David & Westbrook, Emily & Kuzma, Jessica & Stewart, Skye & Chan, Chun & Bock, Steven & Landers, Jeffrey & Kratz, Mario & Foster-Schubert, Karen & Flum, David. (2016). Gastric bypass surgery vs intensive lifestyle and medical intervention for type 2 diabetes: the CROSSROADS randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia.59. Doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3903-x.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. (2013). American Psychiatric Publishing.
División de Epidemiología del Ministerio del poder popular para la salud y Desarrollo Social. Informe epidemiológico Obesidad. Caracas, Venezuela. 2014.
Dixon, J., Dixon, M. & O’Brien, P. (2003). Depression in association with severe obesity: changes with weight loss. Arch Intern Med. 163: 2058-
Dixon, J., O’Brien, P., Playfair, J., Chapman, L., Schachter, L., Skinner, S., Proietto, J., Bailey, M., & Anderson, M. (2008). Adjustable gastric
banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 299(3), 316-323. https://doi.org/10.1001/
jama.299.3.316
Dixon, J., Zimmet, P., Alberti, K., & Rubino, F. (2011). Bariatric surgery: An IDF statement for obese Type 2 diabetes. Surgery for Obesity and
Related Diseases, 7(4), 433-447. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2011.05.013
Dyson, P. (2010). The therapeutics of lifestyle management on obesity. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 12: 941–946. Blackwell Publishing
Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01256.x
Efferdinger, C., König, D., Klaus, A., & Jagsch, R. (2017). Emotion regulation and mental well-being before and six months after bariatric
surgery. Eating and weight disorders: EWD, 22(2) 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-017-0379-8
Ferro de Millán, M; Seijas D, y Antor, T. (2013). Primer consenso venezolano de Tratamiento del Paciente Bariátrico. Tomo 1. Nutrición y Psicología. Ed. Ateproca. P-87-102.
Friedman, M. and Brownell, K. (1995). Psychological correlates of obesity: moving to the next research generation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 1, 3. 20.
Green, D; Engel, S. and Mitchell, J. (2014). Psychological aspects of bariatric surgery, Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 27, 6, 48-452 doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000101.
Ghione, S. (2019). Aspectos psicológicos involucrados en el proceso posquirúrgico de pacientes obesos mórbidos operados de cirugía
bariátrica, en la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina. http://rephip.unr.edu.ar/xmlui/handle/2133/20537
González, D., Arreola, D., Díaz Girón A, et al. (2016). Cirugía bariátrica y metabólica, una perspectiva histórica desde sus inicios. Residente. 11(2):88-95.
Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo del sobrepeso y la obesidad en personas adultas. (2003). Endocrinología y nutrición. 50(supl 4):1-38.
Hegland, P., Aasprang, A., Kolotkin, R., Tell, G. & Andersen, J. (2020). Overall Treatment Satisfaction 5 Years After Bariatric Surgery. Obesity
surgery, 30(1), 206-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-019-04141-7
Hsu, L., Mulliken, B., McDonagh, B., Das, S., Rand, W., Fairburn, C., Rolls, B., McCrory, M., Saltzman, E., Shikora, S., Dwyer, J. & Roberts, S.
(2002). Binge eating disorder in extreme obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 26(10), 1398-1403. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802081
Jumbe, S., Hamlet, C. & Meyrick, J. (2017). Psychological Aspects of Bariatric Surgery as a Treatment for Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 6, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-017-0242-
Kalarchian, M., Turk, M., Elliott, J., & Gourash, W. (2014). Lifestyle management for enhancing outcomes after bariatric surgery. Current
diabetes reports, 14(10), 540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-014-0540-y
Kauppila, J., Santoni, G., Tao, W., Lynge, E., Jokinen, J. et al. (2020). Risk Factors for Suicide After Bariatric Surgery in a Population-based
Nationwide Study in Five Nordic Countries. Annals of Surgery: Publish Ahead of Print. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004232
Keren, D, Matter, I. & Lavy, A. (2014). Lifestyle Modification Parallels to Sleeve Success. OBES SURG 24, 735-740. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11695-013-1145-2
Kent, P. (2007). Lifestyle Changes Following Bariatric Surgery. Bariatric Nursing and Surgical Patient Care. 2, (3). DOI: 10.1089=bar.2007.9962
Kopelman, P. G. (2000). Obesity as a medical problem. Nature, 404(6778), 635-643. doi:10.1038/35007508
Kubik, J., Gill, R., Laffin, M., & Karmali, S. (2013). The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Psychological Health. Journal of Obesity, 2013, 1-5.
doi:10.1155/2013/837989
Letelier L; Manriquez, J y Rada G. (2005). Revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis: ¿son la mejor evidencia? Rev Méd Chile; 133(2)246-249.
Leyba, J., Sánchez, N., y Navarrete, S. (2020). Estado De La Cirugía Bariátrica En Venezuela: Encuesta “En Línea” A Los Miembros De La Sociedad Venezolana de Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica. Revista Venezolana De Cirugía, 64(4), 130-134. https://www.revistavenezolanadecirugia.com/index.php/revista/article/view/160
Maciejewski, M.; Arterburn, M.; Scoyoc, L.; Smith, V.; Yancy, W., Weidenbacher, H; Livingston, E and Olsen, M. (2016). Bariatric
Surgery and Long-term Durability of Weight Loss. JAMA Surg. 151(11): 1046-1055. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.2317
Marek, R.J., Martin, K., Ben-Porath, Y. et al. (2021). Psychosocial Functioning of Bariatric Surgery Patients 6-Years Postoperative. OBES SURG 31, 712-724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-05025-x
Martins, C., Strømmen, M., Stavne, O. et al. (2011). Bariatric Surgery versus Lifestyle Interventions for Morbid Obesity—Changes in Body Weight, Risk Factors and Comorbidities at 1 Year. OBES SURG 21, 841-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-010-0131-1
Moreno, M. (2012). Definición y clasificación de la Obesidad. Revista Médica Clínica Las Conde. 23.2. 124-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0716-
(12)70288-2
Morgan D., Ho K. and Platell C. (2019). Incidence and Determinants of Mental Health Service Use After Bariatric Surgery. JAMA Psychiatry.
(1): 60-67. doi:10.1001/ jama.psychiatry.2741
Moshiri M., Robinson T., Khandelwal S., Bhargava P. & Rohrmann C. (2013). Evolution of bariatric surgery: a historical perspective. AJR Am J
Roentgenol. 201 (1): 40-48.
Muci, R y Briceño, L. (2012). Obesidad ¿Es una realidad en Venezuela? Epidemiología Pandemia del siglo XXI. Colección Razetti. Volumen
XIII. Editorial Ateproca; p.59-90.
Müller, A., Hase, C., Pommnitz, M. et al.(2019). Depression and Suicide After Bariatric Surgery. Curr Psychiatry Rep 21, 84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1069-1
Navarrete S. (2012). Cruce duodenal; visión integral de una derivación biliopancreática en cirugía metabólica. Nutr Hosp; 27 (5): 1380-1390.
Nielsen, M., Christensen, B., Schmidt, J. et al. (2020). Predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery—a cross disciplinary approach combining physiological, social, and psychological measures. IntJObes 44, 2291-2302. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-020-0576-9
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2021). Obesidad y Sobrepeso. https://www.who.int/es
Pyykkö, J., Aydin, Ö., Gerdes, V., Acherman, Y., Groen, A., van de Laar, A., Nieuwdorp, M., Sanderman, R., & Hagedoorn, M. (2022). Psychological functioning and well-being before and after bariatric surgery; what is the benefit of being self-compassionate? British journal of health psychology, 27(1), 96-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12532
Raman, J; Spirou, D; Jahren, L and Tetlie, T. (2020). The Clinical Obesity Maintenance Model: A Theoretical Framework for Bariatric Psychology. Front. Endocrinology: 11, 563. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00563
Ristanto, A. & Caltabiano, M. (2019). Psychological Support and Well-being in Post-Bariatric Surgery Patients. OBES SURG 29, 739-743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-018-3599-8
Ryff, C. & Keyes, C. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
Ruiz, M., Berrocal, C., y Valero, L. (2002). Cambios psicológicos tras cirugía bariátrica en personas con obesidad mórbida. Psicothema, 14 (3), 577-582. Recuperado a partir de https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/PST/article/view/7987
Sarwer, D; Wadden, T. & Fabricatore, A. (2012). Psychosocial and Behavioral Aspects of Bariatric Surgery. The Obesity Society. 13.4. 639-348. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2005.71
Sarwer, D., Allison, K.., Wadden, T., Ashare, R., Spitzer, J. C., McCuenWurst, C., ... & Wu, J. (2019). Psychopathology, disordered eating,
and impulsivity as predictors of outcomes of bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 15(4), 650-655. doi: 10.1016/j.
soard.2019.01.029
Sarwer, D. & Heinberg, L. (2020). A review of the psychosocial aspects of clinically severe obesity and bariatric surgery. American Psychologist,75(2), 252-264. doi:10.1037/amp0000550
Scopinaro, N. (2011). Thirty-five years of biliopancreatic diversion: notes on gastrointestinal physiology to complete the published information useful for a better understanding and clinical use of the operation. Obes Surg. 22: 427-432.
Shiri, S., Gurevich, T., Feintuch, U., & Beglaibter, N. (2007). Positive Psychological Impact of Bariatric Surgery. Obesity Surgery, 17(5), 663-
doi:10.1007/s11695-007-9111-5
Sjöström, C., Lissner, L., Wedel, H., & Sjöström, L. (2012). Reduction in incidence of diabetes, hypertension and lipid disturbances after
intentional weight loss induced by bariatric surgery: the SOS Intervention Study. Obesity research, 7(5), 477-484.
Spirou, D., Raman, J., & Smith, E. (2020). Psychological outcomes following surgical and endoscopic bariatric procedures: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 21(6), e12998.
Steinbrook, R. (2004). Surgery for Severe Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 350(11), 1075-1079. doi:10.1056/nejmp048029
Song, A. & Fernstrom, M; (2008). Nutritional and Psychological Considerations After Bariatric Surgery. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 28, (2),
-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asj.2008.01.005
Stocker, D. (2003). Management of the bariatric surgery patient. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 32(2), 437-457. doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(03)00002-1
Stunkard, A. & Allison, K. (2003). Two forms of disordered eating in obesity: binge eating and night eating. International journal of obesity
and related metabolic disorders: journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 27(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802186
Syn, N; Cummings, D; Wang, L; Lin, D; Zhao, J. et al. (2021). Association of metabolic–bariatric surgery with long-term survival in adults with
and without diabetes: a one-stage meta-analysis of matched cohort and prospective controlled studies with 174772 participants. The Lancet. 397. 10287, Pages 1830-1841. ISSN 0140-6736. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00591-2.
Van Hout, G., Boekestein, P., Fortuin, F., Pelle, A., & van Heck, G. (2006). Psychosocial functioning following bariatric surgery. Obesity Surgery, 16(6), 787-794.
Vázquez, V. (2004). ¿Cuáles son los problemas psicológicos, sociales y familiares que deben ser considerados en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del paciente obeso? Rev. Endocrino Nutr, 2,136-42.
World Health Organization (2000). Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Convention, WHO Technical Report Series 894, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
