Síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo: pautas actualizadas para la conducta clínica
Palabras clave:
Preeclampsia, Síndrome HELLP, Hipertensión Crónica en el Embarazo, Hipertensión Gestacional, Eclampsia, HELLP Syndrome, Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy, Gestational HypertensionResumen
Los síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo constituyen una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad materna y perinatal en todo el mundo. Su etiología es compleja, multifactorial y aún no se comprende completamente; sin embargo, existe evidencia reciente de que los síntomas son atribuibles a una respuesta inflamatoria excesiva que causa daño endotelial generalizado. Durante los últimos años, la comprensión sobre estas entidades ha progresado, lo que ha llevado a modificar las definiciones y los criterios diagnósticos de los síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo. Aunque es posible controlar la presión arterial con fármacos antihipertensivos y prevenir las convulsiones con sulfato de magnesio, por el momento el único tratamiento definitivo para la preeclampsia y la eclampsia continúa siendo el parto programado, a menudo prematuro. Este estudio proporciona pautas actualizadas para el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento oportuno de los distintos tipos de síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo.
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