Biomarcadores en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: pruebas de laboratorio, marcadores biológicos serológicos y fecales

Autores/as

  • Beatriz Pernalete

Palabras clave:

Colitis ulcerosa, enfermedad de Crohn, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, biomarcadores.

Resumen

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal  comprende la Enfermedad de Crohn  y la colitis ulcerosa caracterizadas por  inflamación idiopática crónica del tracto gastrointestinal, con períodos alternantes de actividad inflamatoria y remisión que hace necesario el empleo de marcadores de evolución de la enfermedad para  aplicar a cada paciente, de forma precoz, la estrategia terapéutica más adecuada.  La combinación de datos clínicos y paraclínicos ayudan a alcanzar este objetivo. Dado que los índices clínicos descritos hasta ahora son subjetivos con poca relación  entre los síntomas y las lesiones intestinales, se han desarrollado biomarcadores que permitan el monitoreo de la mucosa para lograr la remisión clínica y la curación de la mucosa, que es la meta actual para conseguir remisión clínica sostenida, disminución de las hospitalizaciones, cirugías y la incidencia de cáncer de colon.     La endoscopia es considerada  el método más fidedigno para evaluar la curación mucosa, pero es un procedimiento invasivo y  costoso Es por ello que se han desarrollado marcadores serológicos y fecales para  chequear la inflamación intestinal para así sustituir el procedimiento. De los primeros, los más empleados son la proteína C reactiva  y la velocidad de sedimentación globular. Entre los fecales destacan la calprotectina, lactoferrina,  elastasa de los polimorfonucleares  y la lisozima, productos derivados todos ellos de la degradación leucocitaria.  De ellos, el más estudiado y que pareciera tener  coincidencia fidedigna con los hallazgos endoscópicos y la predicción de recaídas es la calprotectina fecal, que además cumple con muchos de los requisitos para ser un buen marcador.

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Cómo citar

Pernalete, B. (2019). Biomarcadores en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: pruebas de laboratorio, marcadores biológicos serológicos y fecales. Revista GEN, 72(4), 97–102. Recuperado a partir de http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gen/article/view/15966

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