Beneficios cardiovasculares del semaglutide: un nuevo agonista del GLP-1
Palabras clave:
Semaglutide, agonista GLP-1, enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, cardioprotecciónResumen
En vista de la magnitud de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) como problema de salud pública y su frecuente comorbilidad con la diabetes mellitus (DM), se ha sugerido el uso de drogas antidiabéticas como un posible tratamiento en pacientes con DM y ECV. Entre los fármacos de este grupo con propiedades cardioprotectoras destaca el semaglutide, un nuevo agonista del péptido similar al glucagón 1 (GLP-1). Los mecanismos por los cuales pueden mejorar la salud cardiovascular no están del todo dilucidados, pero se ha demostrado que tiene un rol en el funcionamiento endotelial y en el perfil lipídico e inflamatorio de los individuos. Así pues, se ha demostrado como el agonismo de GLP-1 puede aminorar la disfunción endotelial, el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación sistémica y vascular, la formación de células espumosas, la hiperlipidemia, y otros factores claves de procesos patológicos de diversas ECV. De tal manera, el objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es describir los posibles mecanismos por los cuales el semaglutide es considerado como un fármaco cardioprotector, y exponer la evidencia clínica que soporta sus efectos beneficiosos en la salud cardiovascular.
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