Calidad de vida, autoestima, condición física y estado nutricional en adolescentes y su relación con el rendimiento académico
Keywords:
Obesidad, Escolares, Capacidad Cardiorrespiratoria, Obesity, Schoolchildren, Cardiorespiratory FitnessAbstract
El rendimiento académico (RA) es condicionado por diversos factores, destacándose la autoestima y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) como factores influyentes. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la asociación entre el estado nutricional, la condición física, la autoestima y la CVRS con el RA en adolescentes. En este estudio de corte transversal participaron hombres (n= 219, 15,82±1,37años) y mujeres (n=200, ± 15,23±0,85 años) de entre 14 y 17 años de edad. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) la circunferencia de cintura (CC), la razón cintura estatura (RCE), la condición física, la autoestima, CVRS y el RA fueron evaluados. En la comparación de los niveles de autoestima, CVRS y RA acorde al estado nutricional, los escolares con obesidad tienen menor puntaje CVRS (P=0,001), del mismo modo la autoestima fue menor en los escolares con sobrepeso y obesos en comparación con sus pares normopeso (P=0,013). En relación al RA no existieron diferencias según estado nutricional (P>0,05). El RA presentó relación positiva con la condición física, la autoestima y la CVRS (P<0,05). Los adolescentes con obesidad presentaron menor CVRS que sus pares con sobrepeso y normopeso, además el RA se ve relacionada con la condición física, la autoestima y la CVRS, por tal motivo es importante incorporar estrategias en los establecimientos educacionales que mejoren esta condición y aporten al desarrollo integral de los escolares.
Academic performance (AP) is conditioned by several factors and the self-esteem and health related to quality of life (HRQoL) are influential factors. The objective of the research was to determine the association between the nutritional levels, physical fitness, self-esteem and HRQoL with AP in adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, men (n = 219, 15.82 ± 1.37 years) and women (n = 200, ± 15.23 ± 0.85 years) between 14 and 17 years of age participated. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), height waist ratio (WtHR), physical fitness, self-esteem, HRQoL and AP were evaluated. In the comparison of the levels of self-esteem, HRQoL and AP according to the nutritional status, the schoolchildren with obesity have a lower HRQoL (P = 0.001), in the same way the self-esteem was lower in the overweight and obese schoolchildren in comparison with their normal weight peers (P = 0.013). In relation to AP, there were no differences according to nutritional status (P> 0.05). The AP presented a positive relationship with physical condition, self-esteem and HRQoL (P <0.05). The adolescents with obesity had lower HRQoL than their overweight and normal weight peers, in addition AP is related to physical condition, self-esteem and HRQoL, for this reason it is important to incorporate strategies in educational establishments that improve this condition and contribute to the integral development of school children.
Downloads
References
REFERENCIAS
Garrido-Miguel M, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Moreno LA, Ruiz JR, et al. Prevalence and Trends of Overweight and Obesity in European Children from 1999 to 2016: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2019:e192430.
Skinner AC, Ravanbakht SN, Skelton JA, Perrin EM, Armstrong SC. Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999–2016. Pediatrics. 2018;141(3):e20173459.
Jaacks LM, Vandevijvere S, Pan A, McGowan CJ, Wallace C, Imamura F, et al. The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 2019;7(3):231-40.
Roth CL, Jain V. Rising obesity in children: a serious public health concern. Indian J Pediatr. 2018;85(6):461–2.
Delgado-Floody P, Jerez-Mayorga D, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Cofré-Lizama A, Álvarez C. Psychological well-being related to screen time, physical activity after school, and weight status in Chilean schoolchildren. Nutr Hosp. 2019;36(6):1254-60.
Datar A, Sturm R, Magnabosco J. Childhood overweight and academic performance: national study of kindergartners and first-graders. Obes Res. 2004;12(1):58-68.
Wake M, Hughes EK, Collins CM, Poulakis Z. Parent-reported health-related quality of life in children with congenital hearing loss: A population study. Ambul Pediatr. 2004;4(5):411-7.
Bolton K, Kremer P, Rossthorn N, Moodie M, Gibbs L, Waters E, et al. The effect of gender and age on the association between weight status and health-related quality of life in Australian adolescents. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):898.
Hoare E, Crooks N, Hayward J, Allender S, Strugnell C. Associations between combined overweight and obesity, lifestyle behavioural risk and quality of life among Australian regional school children: baseline findings of the Goulburn Valley health behaviours monitoring study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17(1):16.
Delgado-Floody P, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Palomino-Devia C, Jerez-Mayorga D, Martínez-Salazar C. Relationship in obese Chilean schoolchildren between physical fitness, physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk factors. Nutr Hosp. 2019;36(1):13-9.
Muros JJ, Cofre-Bolados C, Arriscado D, Zurita F, Knox E. Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with lifestyle, physical fitness, and mental wellness among 10-y-olds in Chile. Nutrition. 2017;35:87-92.
Ferrer-Cascales R, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Clement-Carbonell V, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Zaragoza-Martí A. Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Related to More Subjective Happiness in Adolescents: The Role of Health-Related Quality of Life. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):698.
Degoy E, Berra S. Differences in health-related quality of life by academic performance in children of the city of Cordoba-Argentina. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(6):1463-71.
Cvencek D, Fryberg SA, Covarrubias R, Meltzoff AN. Self-Concepts, Self-Esteem, and Academic Achievement of Minority and Majority North American Elementary School Children. Child Dev. 2018;89(4):1099-109.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Overweight and obesity; Defining overweight and obesity. 2010.
Chung IH, Park S, Park MJ, Yoo E-G. Waist-to-height ratio as an index for cardiometabolic risk in adolescents: results from the 1998-2008 KNHANES. Yonsei Med J. 2016;57(3):658-63.
Leger LA, Mercier D, Gadoury C, Lambert J. The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J Sports Sci. 1988;6(2):93-101.
España-Romero V, Artero EG, Santaliestra-Pasias AM, Gutierrez A, Castillo MJ, Ruiz JR. Hand span influences optimal grip span in boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33(3):378-84.
Jadue G, Galindo A, Navarro L. Factores protectores y factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la resiliencia encontrados en una comunidad educativa en riesgo social. EPED 2005;31(2):43-55.
Brinkmann H, Segure T, Solar M. Adaptación, estandarización y elaboración de normas para el inventario de autoestima de Coopersmith. Revista Chilena de Psicología. 1989;10(1):63-71.
Europe TKG. The KIDSCREEN Questionnaires – Quality of life questionnaires for children and adolescents. Lengerich H, editor2006.
Navarro RE. El rendimiento académico: concepto, investigación y desarrollo. REICE. 2003;1(2):0.
Lv B, Zhou H, Guo X, Liu C, Liu Z, Luo L. The relationship between academic achievement and the emotional well-being of elementary school children in China: The moderating role of parent-school communication. Front Psychol. 2016;7:948.
Rezende BA, Lemos SMA, de Medeiros AM. Quality of life and health self-perception in children with poor school performance. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2017;35(4):415.
Muñoz AS, Serrano RM, Urbieta CT. La autoestima infantil, la edad, el sexo y el nivel socioeconómico como predictores del rendimiento académico. Revista de Investigación en Educación; 2016 p. 33-66.
Cid-Sillero S, Pascual-Sagastizabal E, Martínez-de-Morentin J-I. Influence of self-esteem and attention on the academic performance of ESO and FPB students. Rev de Psicodidáctica. 2020;25(1):59-67.
Gutiérrez-Saldaña P, Camacho-Calderón N, Martínez-Martínez ML. Autoestima, funcionalidad familiar y rendimiento escolar en adolescentes. Aten Primaria. 2007;39(11):597-603.
Yu C, Chan S, Cheng F, Sung R, Hau KT. Are physical activity and academic performance compatible? Academic achievement, conduct, physical activity and self-esteem of Hong Kong Chinese primary school children. Educ Stud 2006;32(4):331-41.
Mullender-Wijnsma MJ, Hartman E, de Greeff JW, Bosker RJ, Doolaard S, Visscher C. Improving academic performance of school-age children by physical activity in the classroom: 1-year program evaluation. J Sch Health. 2015;85(6):365-71.
Álvarez-Bueno C, Hillman CH, Cavero-Redondo I, Sánchez-López M, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Aerobic fitness and academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. 2020:1-8.
Centeio EE, Somers CL, Moore EWG, Garn A, Kulik N, Martin J, et al. Considering Physical Well-Being, Self-perceptions, and Support Variables in Understanding Youth Academic Achievement. J Early Adolesc. 2020;40(1):134-57.
Beltran-Valls MR, Adelantado-Renau M, Castro-Piñero J, Sánchez-López M, Moliner-Urdiales D. Cardiorespiratory fitness and academic performance association is mediated by weight status in adolescents: DADOS study. Eur J Pediatr. 2018;177(7):1037-43.
Lv B, Lv L, Bai C, Luo L. Body mass index and academic achievement in Chinese elementary students: The mediating role of peer acceptance. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;108:104593.
He J, Chen X, Fan X, Cai Z, Huang F. Is there a relationship between body mass index and academic achievement? A meta-analysis. Public health. 2019;167:111-24.
Hoare E, Crooks N, Hayward J, Allender S, Strugnell C. Associations between combined overweight and obesity, lifestyle behavioural risk and quality of life among Australian regional school children: baseline findings of the Goulburn Valley health behaviours monitoring study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17(1):16.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Usted es libre de:
Compartir — copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato
Adaptar — remezclar, transformar y construir a partir del material
La licenciante no puede revocar estas libertades en tanto usted siga los términos de la licencia
Bajo los siguientes términos:
Atribución — Usted debe dar crédito de manera adecuada, brindar un enlace a la licencia, e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo en cualquier forma razonable, pero no de forma tal que sugiera que usted o su uso tienen el apoyo de la licenciante.
NoComercial — Usted no puede hacer uso del material con propósitos comerciales.
No hay restricciones adicionales — No puede aplicar términos legales ni medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otras a hacer cualquier uso permitido por la licencia.
