Food insecurity and malnutrition in older adults from the Family Health Strategy in the Northeast of Brazil

Marlus Henrique Queiroz Pereira; Maria Luiza Amorim Sena Pereira; Bruno Klecius Andrade Teles; Débora Borges dos Santos Pereira; Glaucia Cristina de Campos; Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina

doi:10.37527/2022.72.4.005

Autores/as

Marlus Henrique Queiroz Pereira Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Center of Biological and Health Science – Federal University of the Western of Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3172
Maria Luiza Amorim Sena Pereira Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Center of Biological and Health Science – Federal University of the Western of Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-8877
Bruno Klecius Andrade Teles Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Center of Biological and Health Science – Federal University of the Western of Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-5216
Débora Borges dos Santos Pereira Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health – University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-5116
Glaucia Cristina de Campos Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-3503
Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-988X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37527/2022.72.4.005

Palabras clave:

Anciano, Inseguridad Alimentaria, Estado Nutricional, Desnutrición, Salud de la Familia

Resumen

Introducción: La inseguridad alimentaria (IA) es un estado caracterizado por la inestabilidad e irregularidad en el acceso a los alimentos. Esta condición tiene impactos negativos en la ingesta de alimentos, afectando el estado nutricional y la condición de salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre desnutrición e IA en adultos mayores comunitarios atendidos en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF). Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con ancianos de comunidad atendidos en la ESF del municipio Barreiras, Bahía, Brasil. Entre 2017 y 2018, se recolectaron datos demográficos, sociales, económicos, condición de salud, estilo de vida, antropométricos y de consumo de alimentos. El estado nutricional se evaluó por la Mini Evaluación Nutricional (MEN) y la IA con la Escala Brasilera de Inseguridad Alimentaria (EBIA). Además de la prueba de chi-cuadrado, se realizó una regresión logística binaria para verificar la asociación entre desnutrición e IA, ajustada para posibles factores de confusión. El nivel de significancia fue p<0,05. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 307 ancianos, con una edad media de 70,4 (±7,5 años). La prevalencia de desnutrición/riesgo de desnutrición fue de 35,2% y la de IA de 63,5%. Los hogares con adultos mayores en IA moderada/grave presentaron casi tres veces más chance (OR 2,97; IC95% 1,37-6,44) de tener desnutrición en comparación con aquellos en Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. Conclusiones: El estudio apunta que existe asociación entre la IA domiciliaria y desnutrición/ riesgo de desnutrición entre los ancianos de la ESF, especialmente entre aquellos con IA severa. Este resultado atribuye a la IA un estatus de determinante de la desnutrición en ancianos en el contexto investigado.

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